| Normal |
| B-Mode |
- Vein walls fully compressible, where applicable
- Normal vein wall motion demonstrated in supraclavicular veins
- Vein lumen appears anechoic
|
| Color Doppler |
- Complete color Doppler filling of the lumen and the vessel with correct color Doppler settings
|
| Spectral Doppler |
- Spontaneous, pulsatile, and respirophasic flow characteristics
- Flow augments with distal compression
|
| Abnormal |
| B-Mode |
- Distal to clavicle, vein walls demonstrate incomplete
- Echogenic material visible within the lumen of the vessel
|
| Color Doppler |
- Incomplete color Doppler filling within the lumen of the vein with correct color Doppler settings
- Absent color Doppler filling within the lumen of the vein with correct color Doppler settings
|
| Spectral Doppler |
- Absent flow or decreased flow in comparison to contralateral
- Flow may be spontaneous, but continuous
- No augmentation or decreased augmentation comparatively
|
Olmsted KA. (2005) Upper-Extremity Venous Duplex Evaluation. The Journal for Vascular Ultrasound 29(2):79–83, 2005