Common indications for performance of this examination includes, but are not limited to:

• Stasis dermatitis or pigmentation
• Venous stasis ulcers
• Recurrent swelling of the lower calf and ankle
• Lower extremity pain or other discomfort (e.g., aching, heaviness, fatigue, soreness, burning)
• Visible varicose veins ( generally, ≥ 3 mm in diameter)
• Venous claudication
• Skin pigmentation (presumes venous origin) does not include focal pigmentation over varicose veins or pigmentation due to other chronic diseases (e.g., vasculitis purpura)
• Stasis dermatitis
• Inflammation
• Induration includes white atrophy and lipodermatosclerosis (presumes venous origin of secondary skin and subcutaneous changes, e.g. chronic edema with fibrosis, hyperdermitis).
• Pain and edema of the lower extremities
• Preoperative evaluation for venous insufficiency