Common indications for performance of this examination include, but are not limited to:

• “Failure to mature”on the basis of physical examination
• Symptoms and signs of disease present
  • Signs of access site malfunction during dialysis (e.g., low blood flows, elevated recirculation times, increased venous pressure)
  • Palpable mass associated with the AVF or AVG
  • Loss of palpable thrill of the AVF or AVG
  • Arm swelling
  • Signs of arterial steal syndrome (e.g., hand pain, pallor, signs of digital ischemia)
• Difficult access cannulation
• Follow-up access revision