• Functioning dialysis access graft (no pressure assessment)
• Suspected or known acute deep venous thrombosis(DVT)
• Recent surgery, ulcers, casts or bandages of the upper extremity that cannot be removed for the exam.
• Non-compressible vessels
• Post-operative upper extremity interventional procedure, i.e., dialysis access graft, stent, arterial bypass graft and segmental pressures may be contraindicated
• Patient’s inability to cooperate with the examination