| Vegetation |
| Surgery/necropsy |
| Infected mass attached to an endocardial structure, or on implanted intracardiac material |
| Echocardiography |
| Oscillating or non oscillating intracardiac mass on valve or other endocardial structures, or on implanted intracardiac material |
| Abscess |
| Surgery/necropsy |
| Perivalvular cavity with necrosis and purulent material not communicating with the cardiovascular lumen |
| Echocardiography |
| Thickened, non-homogeneous perivalvular area with echodense or echolucent appearance |
| Pseudoaneurysm |
| Surgery/necropsy |
| Perivalvular cavity communicating with the cardiovascular lumen |
| Echocardiography |
| Pulsatile perivalvular echo-free space, with colour-Doppler flow detected |
| Perforation |
| Surgery/necropsy |
| Interruption of endocardial tissue continuity |
| Echocardiography |
| Interruption of endocardial tissue continuity traversed by colour-Doppler flow |
| Fistula |
| Surgery/necropsy |
| Communication between 2 neighbouring cavities through a perforation |
| Echocardiography |
| Colour-Doppler communication between 2 neighbouring cavities through a perforation |
| Valve aneurysm |
| Surgery/necropsy |
| Saccular outpouching of valvular tissue |
| Echocardiography |
| Saccular bulging of valvular tissue |
| Dehiscence of a prosthetic valve |
| Surgery/necropsy |
| Dehiscence of the prosthetis |
| Echocardiography |
| Paravalvular regurgitation identified by TTE/TEE, with or without rocking motion of the prosthetis |