Disease:
Atrial fibrillation |
| Echocardiographic measurements and cutoff values |
| Peak acceleration rate of mitral E velocity (≥1,900 cm/s2), IVRT (≤65 ms), DT of pulmonary venous diastolic velocity (≤220 ms) and septal E/e’ ratio (≥11) |
Disease:
Sinus tachycardia |
| Echocardiographic measurements and cutoff values |
| Mitral inflow pattern with predominant early LV filling in patients with EFs <50%, IVRT≤70 ms is specific (79%), systolic filling fraction ≤40% is specific (88%), lateral E/e’ >10 (a ratio >12 has higher the specificity of 96%) |
Disease:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
| Echocardiographic measurements and cutoff values |
| Lateral E/e’ (≥10), Ar – A (≥30ms), PA pressure (>35 mmHg), and LA volume (≥ 34mL/m2) |
Disease:
Restrictive cardiomyopathy |
| Echocardiographic measurements and cutoff values |
| DT (<140 ms), mitral E/A (>2.5), IVRT (<50 ms has high specificity), and septal E/e’ (>15) |
Disease:
Noncardiac pulmonary hypertension |
| Echocardiographic measurements and cutoff values |
| Lateral E/e’ can be applied to determine whether a cardiac etiology is the underlying reason for the increased PA pressures (cardiac etiology: E/e’ >10; noncardiac etiology: E/e’ <8) |
Disease:
Mitral stenosis |
| Echocardiographic measurements and cutoff values |
| IVRT (<60 ms has high specificity), IVRT/TE-e’ (<4.2), mitral A velocity (>1.5 m/s) |
Disease:
MR |
| Echocardiographic measurements and cutoff values |
| Ar – A (≥30 ms), IVRT (<60 ms has high specificity), and IVRT/TE-e’ (<3) may be applied for the prediction of LV filling pressures in patients with MR and normal EFs, whereas average E/e’ (>15) is applicable only in the presence of a depressed EF |
A comprehensive approach is recommended in all of the above settings, and conclusions should not be based on single measurements. Specificity comments refer to predicting filling pressures >15 mmHg.