Type I Dysfunction:
Enlargement of the aortic root with normal cusps |
| Echos findings |
| Dilatation of any components of the aortic root (aortic annulus, sinuses of Valsalva, sinotubular junction) |
Type IIa Dysfunction:
Cusp prolapse with eccentric AR jet |
| Cusp flail echos findings |
| Complete eversion of a cusp into the LVOT in long-axis views |
| Partial cusp prolapse echos findings |
| Distal part of a cusp prolapsing into the LVOT (clear bending of the cusp body on long-axis views and presence of a small circular structure near the cusp free edge on short-axis views |
| Whole cusp prolapse echos findings |
| Free edge of a cusp overriding the plane of aortic annulus with billowing of the entire cusp body into the LVOT (presence of a large circular or oval structure immediately beneath the valve on short-axis views) |
Type IIb Dysfunction:
Free edge fenestration with eccentric AR jet |
| Echos findings |
| Presence of an eccentric AR jet without definite evidence of cusp prolapse |
Type III Dysfunction:
Poor cusp quality or quantity |
| Echos findings |
| Thickened and rigid valves with reduced motion |
| Tissue destruction (endocarditis) |
| Large calcification spots/extensive calcifications of all cusps interfering with cusp motion |