Nearly one third of older people in Canada take sleeping pills. These drugs are called “sedative-hypnotics” or “tranquilizers.”

They affect the brain and spinal cord. Doctors prescribe the drugs for sleep problems. The drugs are also used to treat other conditions, such as anxiety or alcohol withdrawal. Usually older adults should try nondrug treatments first. There are safer and better ways to improve sleep or reduce anxiety.

• Sleeping pills may not help much. Many ads say that sleeping pills help people get a full, restful night’s sleep. But studies show that this is not exactly true in real life. On average, people who take one of these drugs sleep only a little longer and better than those who don’t take a drug.
• Sleeping pills can have serious, or even deadly side effects. All sedative-hypnotic drugs have special risks for older adults. Seniors are likely to be more sensitive to the drugs’ effects than younger adults. And these drugs may stay in their bodies longer.
  The drugs can cause confusion and memory problems as well as changes in balance that:
• More than double the risk of falls and hip fractures. These are common causes of hospitalization and death in older people.
• Increase the risk of car accidents.

When to try sedative-hypnotic drugs

Consider these drugs if the sleep problems are affecting your quality of life and nothing else has helped. But your health-care provider should watch you carefully to make sure that the drug is helping and not causing bad side effects. f it is considered necessary, then it should be used at the lowest possible dose and for a limited time.

Tips for better sleep

• Exercise. Physical activity helps people sleep better. But avoid vigorous activity for several hours before bedtime.
• Keep a routine. Try to go to bed and wake up at about the same time every day, even on weekends.
• Try not to eat right before bedtime. Eat three hours or more before going to bed.
• Avoid caffeine after 3 p.m. Some people need to avoid caffeine even earlier.
• Limit alcohol. Alcohol causes sleepiness at first, followed by wakefulness.
• Create the right environment. Keep the bed- room peaceful. And avoid mental excitement before bedtime.
• Avoid bright lights. Watching a bright screen can make you stay awake.
• Control pets. Pets disrupt sleep if they are on and off the bed, taking up space, or wanting to be let out.

If you don’t fall asleep soon, get out of bed and do something that will make you sleepy, such as reading. Return to bed after you start to feel drowsy.

Conditions: Sleeping Disorder: Insomnia, Sleeplessness.

Treatments:

Sedative-Hypnotics/Tranquilizers (Benzodiazepines):

• Alprazolam (Xanax)
• Diazepam (Valium)
• Lorazepam (Ativan)
• Flurazepam (Dalmane)
• Oxazepam (Serax)
• Temazepam (Restoril)
• Triazolam (Halcion)

"Z" drugs:

• Zolpidem (Ambien)
• Zopiclone (Imovane)

Antipsychotics, Antidepressants:

• Quetiapine (Seroquel)
• Trazodone (Desyrel)
• Amitryptline (Elavil)

Over-the-counter drugs:

• Diphenhydramine (Benadryl Allergy, Nytol, Sominex, Gravol , generic)
• Advil PM
• Tylenol PM