Supplemental Table S10. Possible reasons for poor response to antihypertensive therapy
Note that causes of ‘pseudo-resistance’ (such as white coat hypertension or pseudo-hypertension in the elderly) should be ruled out first.
Poor adherence	Dietary Physical activity Medication
Associated conditions	Obesity Tobacco use Excessive alcohol consumption Sleep apnea Chronic pain
Drug Interactions	Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (including cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors) Oral contraceptives Corticosteroids and anabolic steroids Sympathomimetics and decongestants Cocaine Amphetamines Erythropoietin Cyclosporine, tacrolimus Licorice Over-the-counter dietary supplements (e.g., ephedra, ma huang, bitter orange) Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, certain selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors
Suboptimal Treatment Regimens	Dosage too low Inappropriate combinations of antihypertensive agents
Volume Overload	Excessive salt intake Renal sodium retention (pseudotolerance)
Secondary Hypertension	Renal insufficiency Renovascular disease Primary hyperaldosteronism Thyroid disease Pheochromocytoma and other rare endocrine causes Obstructive sleep apnea