Nutrition Therapy
Encourage individuals to adopt healthy eating habits to lower their CVD risk Moderate energy (caloric) intake to achieve and maintain a healthy bodyweight Emphasize a diet rich in vegetables, fruit, whole-grain cereals, and polyunsaturated and monounsaturated oils, including omega-3 fatty acids particular from fish Avoid trans fats, limit saturated and total fat to <7% and <30% of daily and total energy (caloric) intake, respectively Increase daily fibre intake to >30 g Limit cholesterol intake to 200 mg daily for individuals with dyslipidemia or at an increased CVD risk (Recommendation Weak, Quality Moderate)
Mediterranean, Portfolio, or Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diets to improve lipid profiles or decrease CVD risk (Recommendation Strong, Quality High) For cholesterol lowering, consider increasing phytosterols, soluble fibre, soy and nut intake
Exercise
Adults should accumulate at least 150 minutes of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic physical activity per week, in bouts of 10 minutes or more to reduce CVD risk (Recommendation Strong, Quality High)
Smoking/alcohol
Smoking cessation (Recommendation Strong, Quality Moderate)
Limit alcohol intake to 30 g or less per day (1-2 drinks) (Recommendation Weak, Quality Moderate)