Table 19: Causes of right heart failure (RHF)
Mixed etiologies Primary etiology Secondary etiology
Restrictive heart disease Right-sided valvular disease
 Pericardial disease (a mimic of RHF)
Congenital heart disease including surgical residual RV infarction Pulmonary arterial hypertension
RV myopathic process Left-sided heart failure
RHF, right heart failure; RV, right ventricular.