Table 5: Suggested timing for measurement of LVEF, according to clinical scenario

Clinical scenario: New-onset HF
Timing of measurement
Immediately or within 2 weeks for baseline assessment
Modality of measurement
ECHO (preferred when available); or CMRI
Comments
Report should include numeric EF or small range of EF and diastolic function evaluation
Clinical scenario: Following titration of triple therapy for HFrEF, or consideration of ICD/CRT implantation
Timing of measurement
3 Months after completion of titration
Modality of measurement
ECHO or CMRI (preferably the same modality and laboratory test as initial test)
Comments
LVEF after medical therapy might increase, obviating device therapy
Clinical scenario: Stable HF
Timing of measurement
Approximately every 1-3 years, and possibly less frequent if EF is persistently > 40%
Modality of measurement
ECHO or CMRI
Comments
Clinical rationale is to identify improving (better prognosis) or worsening ventricular function (worse prognosis, need for additional therapy such as ICD/CRT)
After significant clinical event (ie, after some HF hospitalizations)
Timing of measurement
Within 30 days, during hospitalization if possible Not necessary when repeated admissions occur without need to identify a cause
Modality of measurement
ECHO or CMRI
Comments
Frequently helpful information such as EF, degree of valvular dysfunction, and RVSP

Nuclear, CT or other measures are appropriate and acceptable in certain circumstances taking into account radiation, cost and information gained.

ACS, acute coronary syndrome;
CMRI, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging;
CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy;
ECHO, echocardiogram;
EF, ejection fraction;
HF, heart failure;
HFrEF, HF with reduced EF;
ICD, implantable cardioverter defibrillator;
LVEF, left ventricular EF;
MUGA, radionuclide angiography;
RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure.