| Table 4: Clinical presentations of heart failure (HF) |
|---|
| Common |
| Dyspnea |
| Orthopnea |
| Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
| Fatigue |
| Weakness |
| Exercise intolerance |
| Dependent edema |
| Cough |
| Weight gain |
| Abdominal distension |
| Nocturia |
| Cool extremities |
| Uncommon |
| Cognitive impairment* |
| Altered mentation or delirium* |
| Nausea |
| Abdominal discomfort |
| Oliguria |
| Anorexia |
| Cyanosis |
*May be a more common presentation in elderly patients