Non-dihydropyridine CCB should not be used to control heart rate in patients with HF-REF patients as they can depress cardiac function and worsen HF.
Dronedarone should not be used in patients with an EF <35 % and/or with recent decompensated HF due to increased risk of mortality. Agents such as sotalol, flecainide and propafenone should also be avoided.