| Practical Tips |
| Consider reducing the dose of diuretic if the patient is otherwise stable, and reassess the need and the dose of other vasodilators, such as long-acting nitrate, if no longer clinically needed. |
| An increase in serum creatinine of up to 30 % is not unexpected in many HF patients when an ACEi or ARB is introduced; if the increase stabilizes at 30 % or less, there is no immediate need to decrease the drug dose but closer long-term monitoring may be required. |
| MRA can increase serum potassium, especially during an acute dehydrating illness where renal dysfunction can worsen, and close monitoring of serum creatinine and potassium is required. |
| Combining an ARB with an ACEi increases the risk of hypotension, hyperkalemia and renal dysfunction and it should be used with caution. |