Practical tip: In the setting of HF, angina and single territory CAD, PCI might be the treatment of first choice. However, PCI has not been shown to improve outcomes for patients with chronic stable HF, irrespective of underlying anatomy.

In contrast to the chronic stable patient with HF, urgent directed culprit vessel angioplasty continues to be the revascularization modality of choice for patients with ACS complicated by HF.

In highly selected cases, patients with advanced HF symptoms in association with large areas of dyskinetic and nonviable myocardium might experience clinical improvement with SVR or similar type procedures, when performed by experienced surgeons.

Mitral valve repair, when used concomitantly during CABG, might lead to clinical improvement in symptoms of HF in highly selected cases.