Recommendation 114: We recommend that anemia be investigated and reversible causes treated (Strong Recommendation, Moderate Quality Evidence).

Values and preferences: Multiple clinical trials and population studies have demonstrated the prognostic impact of anemia. Reversible causes of anemia are common and should be treated.

Anemia in HFrEF is associated with more advanced HF, active ventricular remodeling processes, inflammation, renal dysfunction and volume overload. Optimization of therapies directed at HF pathophysiology and volume control should therefore improve anemia.