| Bleeding risks for various invasive/surgical procedures |
|---|
| High-risk |
| Any surgery or procedure with neuraxial (spinal or epidural) anesthesia |
| Neurosurgery (intracranial or spinal) |
| Cardiac surgery (e.g. CABG, heart valve replacement) |
| Major intra-abdominal surgery (e.g. intestinal anastomosis surgery) |
| Major vascular surgery (e.g. aortic aneurysm repair, aortofemoral bypass) |
| Major orthopedic surgery (e.g. hip or knee replacement) |
| Lung resection surgery |
| Urological surgery (e.g. prostatectomy, bladder tumour resection) |
| Extensive cancer surgery (e.g. pancreas, liver) |
| Intestinal anastomosis surgery |
| Reconstructive plastic surgery |
| Selected procedures (e.g. kidney biopsy, prostate biopsy, cervical cone biopsy, pericardiocentesis, colonic polypectomy) |
| Intermediate risk |
| Other intra-abdominal surgery (e.g. cholecystectomy, hernia repair, colon resection) |
| Other general surgery (e.g. breast) |
| Other intrathoracic surgery |
| Other orthopaedic surgery |
| Other vascular surgery |
| Non-cataract ophthalmologic surgery |
| Gastroscopy or colonoscopy with biopsies |
| Selected procedures (e.g. bone marrow biopsy, lymph node biopsy) |
| Complex dental procedure (e.g. multiple tooth extractions) |
| Low risk |
| Non-complex dental procedures (Dental extractions of 1 or 2 teeth, endodontic [e.g. root canal] procedure, subgingival scaling or other cleaning) |
| Cataract surgery |
| Dermatologic procedures (e.g. biopsy) |
| Gastroscopy or colonoscopy without biopsies |
| Coronary angiography |
| Permanent pacemaker insertion or internal defibrillator placement (if bridging anticoagulation is not used) |
| Selected procedures (e.g. thoracentesis, paracentesis, arthrocentesis) |
The procedural/ surgical risk categorization list may be updated based on new information, and can be found at Thrombosis Canada (http://thrombosiscanada.ca)