| Bleeding risks for various invasive/surgical procedures |
|---|
| High-risk |
| Any surgery or procedure with neuraxial (spinal or epidural) anesthesia |
| Neurosurgery (intracranial or spinal) |
| Cardiac surgery (CABG or heart valve replacement) |
| Major intra-abdominal surgery |
| Major vascular surgery (aortic aneurysm repair, aortofemoral bypass) |
| Major orthopedia surgery (hip or knee replacement) |
| Lung resection surgery |
| Urologic surgery (prostatectomy, bladder tumour resection) |
| Extensive cancer surgery (pancreas, liver) |
| Intestinal anastomosis surgery |
| Reconstructive plastic surgery |
| Selected procedures (kidney biopsy, prostate biopsy, cervical cone biopsy, pericardiocentesis, colonic polypectomy) |
| Intermediate risk |
| Other intra-abdominal surgery (laparascopic cholecystectomy, hernia repair) |
| Other intrathoracic surgery |
| Other orthopaedic surgery |
| Other vascular surgery |
| Non-cataract ophthalmologic surgery |
| Gastroscopy or colonoscopy with biopsies |
| Selected procedures (bone marrow biopsy, lymph node biopsy) |
| Complex dental procedure (multiple tooth extractions) |
| Low risk |
| Dental extractions (1 or 2 teeth), endodontic (root canal) procedure, subgingival scaling or other cleaning |
| Cataract surgery |
| Dermatologic procedures (biopsy) |
| Gastroscopy or colonoscopy without biopsies |
| Coronary angiography |
| Permanent pacemaker insertion or internal defibrillator placement (if bridging anticoagulation is not used) |
| Selected procedures (thoracentesis, paracentesis, arthrocentesis) |
The procedural/ surgical risk categorization list may be updated based on new information, and can be found at Thrombosis Canada (http://thrombosiscanada.ca)