In patients with AF who are undergoing aortic valve surgery or coronary artery bypass surgery, we suggest that a surgical AF ablation procedure be undertaken when there is a strong desire to maintain sinus rhythm, the success of the procedure is deemed to be high, and the additional risk low. (Recommendation Conditional, Quality Low)<br /><br /><b>Values and preferences: </b>This recommendation recognizes that left atrial endocardial access is not routinely required for aortic or coronary surgery. This limits ablation to newer epicardial approaches.