We recommend radiofrequency ablation of AF in patients who remain symptomatic following adequate trials of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and in whom a rhythm-control strategy remains desired. (Recommendation Strong, Quality Moderate)<br /><br /><b>Values and preferences: </b>This recommendation places a high value on the decision of individual patients to balance relief of symptoms and improvement in QOL with the small but measurable risk of serious complication with catheter ablation.