Points
For technical limitations, proper attention to the location of the sample size, as well as gain, filter, and minimal angulation with annular motion, is essential for reliable velocity measurements.
The E/e' ratio is not accurate as an index of filling pressures in normal subjects or among patients with heavy mitral annular calcification, mitral surgical rings, mitral stenosis, prosthetic mitral valves, moderate to severe primary mitral regurgitation, and constrictive pericarditis.