1. Mitral inflow velocities and pulmonary vein velocities and time intervals provide important prognostic data in patients with LV systolic dysfunction that is incremental to clinical and LV volumetric variables.
2. Mitral annular velocities, including E/e' ratio, have likewise been reported to predict outcomes in these patient groups.
3. Grade II or grade III diastolic dysfunction that does not improve despite adequate medical therapy are highly predictive of worse outcomes in this patient population.
4. There is growing literature showing LV strain and diastolic strain rate signals as well as LA strain providing incremental prognostic information in several disease states, including patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction, AF and HFrEF.