1. Mitral stenosis renders assessment of LV diastolic function more challenging, but IVRT, T_E-e' , and mitral inflow peak velocity at early and late diastole can be of value in the semiquantitative prediction of mean LAP.
2. The time interval Ar-A and IVRT/T_E-e' ratio may be applied for estimation for prediction of LV filling pressures in patients with MR and normal LVEF, whereas E/e' ratio may be considered only in patients with MR and depressed EF.
3. The guidelines in patients without valvular heart disease can be applied to patients with aortic stenosis, irrespective of severity of valvular stenosis. This excludes patients with heavy MAC.
4. In patients with severe AR be it acute or chronic, premature closure of mitral valve, diastolic MR, LA enlargement, average E/e' ratio > 14, and TR peak velocity > 2.8 m/sec are consistent with elevated LV filling pressures.