• In the normally shaped left ventricle, both M-mode and 2D echocardiographic formulas to calculate LV mass can be used.
• Normal values for these techniques remain unchanged from the previous guidelines and should be reported indexed to BSA.
• Reference upper limits of normal LV mass by linear measurements are 95 g/m² in women and 115 g/m² in men.
• Reference upper limits of normal LV mass by 2D measurements are 88 g/m² in women and 102 g/m² in men with 2D methods.
• Because 3DE is the only echocardiographic technique that measures myocardial volume directly, without geometric assumptions regarding LV shape and distribution of wall thickening, this technique is promising and may be used in abnormally shaped ventricles or in patients with asymmetric or localized hypertrophy. Limited upper normal limit of 3D echocardiographic LV mass data are currently available in the literature but are insufficient to substantiate recommendations for reference values.